Samsung Microcontroller Clone

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. is a South Korean multinational electronics company headquartered in Suwon, South Korea.[2] It is the flagship subsidiary of the Samsung Group and has been the world's largest information technology company by revenues since 2009.[3] Samsung Electronics has assembly plants and sales networks in 88 countries and employs around 370,000 people.[4] For a 2012 the CEO is Kwon Oh-Hyun.

Samsung has previously been known for its position as a manufacturer of components such as lithium-ion batteries, semiconductors, chips, flash memory and hard drive devices for clients such as Apple, Sony, HTC and Nokia.[6] [7] In recent years, Samsung Electronics has expanded upon its manufacturing roots and diversified into consumer markets leading to an ever increasing portfolio of products and revenue stream.

Samsung Electronics currently stands as one of the world's largest vendors in the mobile phone and smartphone markets fueled by the popularity of its Samsung Galaxy line of devices.[9] The company is also one of the largest vendors in the tablet computer market thanks to its Android-powered Samsung Galaxy Tab collection and is generally regarded as pioneering the phablet market through the Samsung Galaxy Note family of devices.

Samsung has been the world's largest maker of LCD panels since 2002, the world's largest television manufacturer since 2006,[11] and world's largest manufacturer of mobile phones since 2011.[12] Samsung Electronics displaced Apple Inc. as the world's largest technology company in 2011 and has been a major part of the Economy of South Korea.

In 2011, Samsung was ranked as India's fifth most trusted brand and in 2012, Samsung was ranked as India's fourth most trusted brand by The Brand Trust Report, an annual report published by Trust Research Advisory,.[13][14][15] In 2013, The Brand Trust Report,[16] ranked Samsung as India's second most trusted brand.

 

Semiconductors

A Samsung DDR-SDRAM
Samsung Electronics has been the world's-largest memory chip maker since 1993. In 2009 it started mass-producing 30 nm-class NAND flash memories.[66] It succeeded in 2010 in mass-producing 30 nm-class DRAMs and 20 nm-class NAND flashes, both of which were the first time in the world.

According to market-research firm Gartner, during the second quarter of 2010 Samsung Electronics took the top position in the DRAM segment due to brisk sales of the item on the world market. Gartner analysts said in their report, "Samsung cemented its leading position by taking a 35-percent market share. All the other suppliers had minimal change in their shares." The company took the top slot in the ranking, followed by Hynix, Elpida, and Micron, said Gartner.

Another hitherto not-well-publicized area where the company had significant business in for years is the foundry segment. It had begun investment in the foundry business sem service since 2006 and now positioned it as one of the strategic pillars for semiconductor growth.

In 2010, market researcher IC Insights predicted that Samsung would become the world's-biggest semiconductor chip supplier by 2014, surpassing Intel. For the ten-year period from 1999 to 2009, Samsung's compound annual growth rate in semiconductor revenues has been 13.5 percent, compared with 3.4 percent for Intel.

General Questions About Microcontroller Firmware Extraction

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• Active Shielding and Tamper Detection for MCU Security

  Active shielding is a hardware countermeasure that detects physical intrusion. The MCU lockbit lock is often augmented by a mesh of wires on the top metal layer. This mesh carries a continuous signal. If the mesh is broken, the signal changes. The MCU detects this change and triggers a security response. The response can be immediate zeroization of all memories. This prevents the read-out of an EEPROM processor because the EEPROM is erased before the attacker can probe it. Similarly, any attempt to dump flash and eeprom is futile because the data is gone. Decapsulation and code recovery require removing the package. During decapsulation, the mesh will be damaged. The MCU lockbit lock then erases the chip. This makes active shielding a powerful deterrent. However, attackers can bypass the mesh by etching from the backside. The backside does not have the mesh. So they can probe the die from the back. To counter this, some MCUs have a second mesh on the backside. But that is expensive. Another approach is to use a capacitive sensor that detects a probe's presence. The sensor measures the parasitic capacitance of the mesh. When a probe approaches, the capacitance changes. The MCU monitors this change. If it exceeds a threshold, an alarm is raised. The read-out of an EEPROM processor is aborted. Dump flash and eeprom commands are ignored. The MCU lockbit lock also logs the intrusion. This log can be read later for forensic analysis. Active shielding is not foolproof. Skilled attackers can use a laser to cut the mesh without breaking the signal. They use a focused ion beam (FIB) to repair the cut. FIB can deposit conductive material to restore the connection. This is a sophisticated attack. But it requires expensive equipment. The MCU lockbit lock must also resist FIB. To do so, the mesh lines are made very narrow and irregular. Their routing is randomized. The attacker cannot predict where to cut. Also, the mesh uses multiple layers. A cut on one layer may not break the signal if there are redundant paths. This redundancy makes it harder. Active shielding also detects decapsulation attempts. Chemical acids will etch the mesh. The MCU senses the open circuit. It then executes a self-destruct. The self-destruct can be a high-voltage pulse that destroys the memory cells. This ensures that copy contents of crypto memory is impossible. Microcontroller reverse engineering teams must then work on dead chips. Firmware extraction is impossible. So active shielding is a critical component of high-security MCUs. It is used in smart cards and government-grade chips. The MCU lockbit lock is not just a bit; it is a physical barrier. The barrier is monitored continuously. The monitoring consumes power. But it is worth it for security. Some MCUs have a low-power mode where the shield is still active. The shield draws microamps. This is acceptable for battery-powered devices. The shield also protects against electromagnetic probing. EM probes can induce currents in the mesh. The MCU can detect these currents. It treats them as attacks. So even non-contact attacks are detected. The read-out of an EEPROM processor via EM is thwarted. Dump flash and eeprom via EM is also blocked. Decapsulation and code recovery are prevented by the shield. The shield is part of the MCU lockbit lock. It complements the logical lock. Together, they provide defense-in-depth. However, the shield itself must be secure. Its control logic cannot be bypassed. The control logic is hardened against glitches. It has its own voltage regulator. The regulator is independent of the main supply. So a glitch on the main supply does not affect the shield monitor. The monitor uses a separate oscillator. This ensures that the monitor works even if the main clock is glitched. The MCU lockbit lock is thus robust. In conclusion, active shielding and tamper detection greatly enhance MCU security. They prevent read-out of an EEPROM processor, dump flash and eeprom, decapsulation and code recovery, copy contents of crypto memory, microcontroller reverse engineering, and firmware extraction by physically destroying the data upon intrusion. The MCU lockbit lock is strengthened by this hardware layer.